Land art, earthworks
or Earth art is an art movement
in which landscape and the work
of art are inextricably linked. It is also an art form that is
created in nature, using natural
materials such as soil, rock, bed rock,
boulders, stones, or organic media logs, branches, leaves, and water.
Sculptures are not placed in the landscape, rather, the
landscape is the means of their creation. The works frequently exist in the
open, located well away from civilization, left to change and erode under natural
conditions. Many works that are created in ephemeral in nature
evenchaly deka away and then only exist as video recordings or photographic documents.
Satellite view of Roden Crater, the site of an
earthwork in progress by James
Turrell, outside Flagstaff, Arizona.
History
Land art is to be understood as an artistic protest
against the perceived artificiality, plastic aesthetics and ruthless
commercialization of art at the end of the 1960s in America. Exponents of
land art rejected the museum or gallery as the setting
of artistic activity and developed monumental landscape projects which were
beyond the reach of traditional transportable sculpture and the
commercial art market. Land art was inspired by minimal
art and Conceptual
art but also by modern movements such as De Stijl, cubism, minimalism.
Many of the artists associated with land art had been
involved with minimal art and conceptual
art. Isamu
Noguchi's 1941 design for Contoured Playground in New York is
sometimes interpreted as an important early piece of land art even though the
artist himself never called his work "land art" but simply
"sculpture". His influence on contemporary land art, landscape architecture and environmental sculpture is evident in
many works today.
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